Preeclampsia During Pregnancy, Symptoms, Causes, Risks and Treatment

What Is Preeclampsia During Pregnancy?

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy related condition that can pose serious risks for both the mother and the baby. It typically occurs after the 20th week and is characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling. If not detected early, it may lead to organ damage in the mother, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth.

What Causes Preeclampsia?

The exact cause is unknown, but abnormal development of the placenta and reduced blood flow to the uterus are among the leading theories. These issues affect the mother's blood vessels and blood pressure regulation.

Symptoms of Preeclampsia

• High blood pressure: 140/90 mmHg or higher
• Swelling in hands, face, and feet
• Headaches and vision problems (blurred vision, flashes of light)
• Protein in urine (proteinuria)
• Upper right abdominal pain
• Shortness of breath
• Reduced fetal movements

Who Is at Higher Risk?

• First pregnancies
• Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets)
• Women over 35
• Obesity
• History of hypertension or kidney disease
• Diabetes
• Previous preeclampsia

Risks for the Baby

• Growth restriction
• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight
• Placental abruption

How Is Preeclampsia Diagnosed?

• Blood pressure measurement
• Urine test for protein
• Blood tests (liver and kidney function)
• Ultrasound evaluation of fetal growth

Treatment for Preeclampsia

Mild Preeclampsia

• Blood pressure monitoring
• Resting
• Reduced salt intake
• Frequent medical check-ups

Moderate to Severe Preeclampsia

• Blood pressure medication
• Close monitoring of mother and baby
• Planned early delivery if needed

The only definitive cure for severe preeclampsia is delivery of the baby.

Can Preeclampsia Be Prevented?

• Regular prenatal check ups
• Healthy diet and weight management
• Monitoring blood pressure
• Doctor recommended aspirin for high risk pregnancies

In Summary

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that requires close monitoring during pregnancy. Early symptom recognition, regular check ups, and timely medical intervention are crucial for protecting maternal and fetal health.